Colostrum: more than just IgG’s

In the uterus, all sorts of beneficial substances are exchanged between the mother and the developing fetus. However, in cows, goats and sheep, no transfer of antibodies takes place. The young animal must therefore obtain these antibodies from colostrum after birth. IgG is the most important antibody for the young animal and is therefore present in high concentrations in colostrum. However, colostrum contains more than just IgG. It also contains other components that neutralise pathogens, regulate the immune system and support the development of the gastrointestinal tract (such as lactoferrin, IGF and PRPs).

How IgG works

When the animal is born, it comes into contact with pathogens immediately, either via its mother or via straw in the calving pen. A lamb, goat kid or calf therefore needs good colostrum to protect itself. IgG binds to bacteria and viruses on one end, and to an immune cell on the other end, which helps to eliminate the bacteria or virus. The immune cell does this either by neutralising the virus or bacterium, or by activating reinforcements to eliminate the unwanted intruder.

More components in colostrum that support immunity

• Lactoferrin supports the immune system, amongst other things, by binding iron, thereby inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
• PRPs play an important role in regulating the immune system. It can stimulate the immune system further when necessary, but also control it if there is an excessive response to a pathogen. PRP does this by means of various signalling molecules, also known as cytokines. Primarily TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma. IL-6 and IL-10 also play a role.
• IGF-1 stimulates cell growth in the gastrointestinal tract. It helps to increase the surface area of the intestines, enabling as many nutrients as possible to be absorbed

Replace or top up the colostrum if the quality is (too) low

Measuring the quality of colostrum is very important for effective colostrum management. If the colostrum is found to be of (too) low quality, it is advisable to replace it or supplement it with Vitalfirst (lambs) or Vitalstart (calves). As well as IgG, Vitalfirst and Vitalstart also contain additional components that further support the animal’s immune system. They are an excellent alternative when colostrum quality is (too) low.